{ "title": "Warehouse KPI dictionary, benchmark reference, definition crosswalk and constructed examples", "version": "2026-09-12-v2", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "canonical_url": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "data_type": "Original reference compilation with attributed outside benchmarks and synthetic illustrative inputs", "dictionary": [ { "metric_id": "K01", "group": "Inbound and docks", "name": "Dock-to-stock cycle time", "formula": "Sum of receipt-to-stock elapsed hours ÷ completed receipts", "unit": "Hours per receipt", "numerator": "Elapsed receipt-to-stock hours", "denominator": "Completed receipt count", "clock_or_cohort": "Supplier receipt to both system recording and completed put-away", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Ends when goods are both recorded in the inventory system and put away. Waiting time is included. Truck departure is a different event.", "source_ids": "APQC_DTS", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/dock-stock-cycle-time-hours-supplier", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Do not substitute truck departure, gate dwell, or touch time for the stock endpoint. Report mean and tail separately.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k01", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K02", "group": "Inbound and docks", "name": "Receiving throughput", "formula": "Units received ÷ elapsed operating hours", "unit": "Units per elapsed hour", "numerator": "Received units", "denominator": "Elapsed operating hours", "clock_or_cohort": "Same area and shift; one elapsed clock regardless of headcount", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "One wall clock regardless of headcount. State the unit: pallets, cases and pieces are not interchangeable.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Not labor productivity; a staffed hour is not a person-hour.", "reporting_cadence": "By shift", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "2024-04-08", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k02", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K03", "group": "Inbound and docks", "name": "Receiving labour productivity", "formula": "Units received ÷ receiving person-hours", "unit": "Units per person-hour", "numerator": "Received units", "denominator": "Sum of receiving labor hours across workers", "clock_or_cohort": "Same output window and receiving workforce", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Person-hours summed across everyone included. Declare who is counted — leads, clerks, sweepers.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Headcount and time basis must match before comparing facilities.", "reporting_cadence": "By shift", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "2026-09-12-v2 operational definition", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k03", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K04", "group": "Inbound and docks", "name": "Dock occupancy snapshot", "formula": "Occupied serviceable doors ÷ serviceable doors × 100", "unit": "Percent at an instant", "numerator": "Occupied serviceable doors", "denominator": "Serviceable doors at the same instant", "clock_or_cohort": "A single recorded timestamp", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "A single recorded moment. Decide in advance whether a parked, idle trailer counts as occupied.", "source_ids": "MECALUX", "source_urls": "https://www.mecalux.com/blog/warehouse-kpis", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "A snapshot is not the share of productive door-hours during a shift.", "reporting_cadence": "Timestamped snapshots", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "2022-02-25", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k04", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K05", "group": "Inbound and docks", "name": "Productive dock-door time utilisation", "formula": "Productive loading and unloading door-hours ÷ scheduled door-hours × 100", "unit": "Percent of scheduled time", "numerator": "Non-overlapping productive loading/unloading door-hours", "denominator": "Scheduled door-hours across the declared doors", "clock_or_cohort": "Declared doors and time interval", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Separate productive work from blocked occupancy, equipment downtime and schedule changes. A door blocked by a trailer nobody is unloading is not productive.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Not an engineering capacity limit; do not label maximum occupancy a safety or efficiency target.", "reporting_cadence": "By shift", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k05", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K06", "group": "Inventory and storage", "name": "Exact-match inventory count accuracy", "formula": "Count entries that match exactly ÷ all count entries × 100", "unit": "Percent of records", "numerator": "Entries with counted quantity equal to system quantity", "denominator": "Count entries in the audit", "clock_or_cohort": "Frozen system quantities matched to the physical count timestamp", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Same item, location, lot and unit granularity. Freeze the system quantity before counting.", "source_ids": "ORACLE", "source_urls": "https://docs.oracle.com/cloud/131/user_services/FAMML/F499517AN14047.htm", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Neither an aggregate quantity ratio nor a within-tolerance hit rate.", "reporting_cadence": "Each count cycle", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "11g Release 7 (11.1.7); historical product documentation", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k06", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K07", "group": "Inventory and storage", "name": "Within-tolerance count accuracy", "formula": "Count entries inside the declared tolerance ÷ all count entries × 100", "unit": "Percent of records", "numerator": "Entries passing the declared tolerance test", "denominator": "Count entries in the audit", "clock_or_cohort": "Same frozen count cohort and tolerance version", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Publish the tolerance. A ±2% tolerance and an exact match are different measurements with the same name.", "source_ids": "ORACLE", "source_urls": "https://docs.oracle.com/cloud/131/user_services/FAMML/F499517AN14047.htm", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Two different tolerances can produce different hit rates from identical counts.", "reporting_cadence": "Each count cycle", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "11g Release 7 (11.1.7); historical product documentation", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k07", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K08", "group": "Inventory and storage", "name": "Inventory turnover", "formula": "Cost of goods sold ÷ average inventory value", "unit": "Turns per period", "numerator": "Cost of goods sold", "denominator": "Average inventory value on the same valuation basis", "clock_or_cohort": "One declared accounting period", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Same accounting period, same cost valuation. Substituting revenue for cost of goods sold changes the measure. Turns are not days.", "source_ids": "MODULA", "source_urls": "https://modula.us/blog/warehouse-kpi/", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Revenue divided by inventory value is not the same measure. High turns alone do not prove good service.", "reporting_cadence": "Monthly/annual", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Page accessed 2026-09-12", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k08", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K09", "group": "Inventory and storage", "name": "Inventory carrying cost percentage", "formula": "Carrying cost for the period ÷ average inventory value × 100", "unit": "Percent of value", "numerator": "Declared carrying-cost components", "denominator": "Average inventory value", "clock_or_cohort": "One matched reporting period", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Disclose which cost components are inside: capital, storage, service, risk. Do not count the same expense twice within the numerator. Match the cost period to the average inventory value.", "source_ids": "APQC_CARRY", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-carrying-cost-percentage", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Do not compare a monthly numerator to an annual benchmark or silently annualize the public APQC median.", "reporting_cadence": "Monthly/annual", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k09", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K10", "group": "Inventory and storage", "name": "Usable storage cube occupancy", "formula": "Occupied storage cube ÷ usable storage cube × 100", "unit": "Percent of volume", "numerator": "Occupied cube measured on a declared basis", "denominator": "Usable storage cube on the same basis", "clock_or_cohort": "One timestamp or explicitly weighted time series", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Say whether you mean product cube or the cube of the storage envelope. Floor area is not a substitute for volume.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Not floor-area occupancy or leased-building occupancy; average and peak are separate aggregations.", "reporting_cadence": "Snapshot plus interval average/peak", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Page accessed 2026-09-12", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k10", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K11", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Order fill rate", "formula": "Orders filled completely ÷ eligible orders × 100", "unit": "Percent of orders", "numerator": "Orders with every required line and quantity filled", "denominator": "Eligible sales orders", "clock_or_cohort": "A declared cohort assessed at a declared fulfillment cutoff", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Declare the cohort, the fulfilment cutoff, how cancellations are handled, and whether a split shipment counts as complete.", "source_ids": "APQC_FILL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/order-fill-rate", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Not line fill, unit fill, or necessarily delivery-on-time performance.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k11", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K12", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Line fill rate", "formula": "Order lines filled completely ÷ eligible lines × 100", "unit": "Percent of lines", "numerator": "Lines filled in the entire required quantity", "denominator": "Eligible order lines", "clock_or_cohort": "Same declared order cohort and cutoff as K11", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "A partially filled line is not a filled line. See the worked example below for how far this can diverge from K11.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "A large share of filled lines can coexist with a much lower share of complete orders.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k12", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K13", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Unit fill rate, requested-unit basis", "formula": "Requested units fulfilled ÷ requested units × 100", "unit": "Percent of units", "numerator": "Requested units fulfilled, capped at requested quantity per line", "denominator": "Requested units", "clock_or_cohort": "Same declared cohort and cutoff as K11", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Cap fulfilled quantity at demand on each line so over-shipment cannot lift the rate.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Explicit requested-unit definition, not every source-specific metric named unit fill rate.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k13", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K14", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Backorder line rate", "formula": "Lines carrying a backordered quantity ÷ eligible lines × 100", "unit": "Percent of lines", "numerator": "Lines with a positive backordered quantity at cutoff", "denominator": "Eligible order lines", "clock_or_cohort": "One declared order cohort and cutoff", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "A line partly backordered counts once. Specify the cutoff moment.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "WERC publicly names a line-based metric; do not substitute an order-based stockout rate.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "2026 report; summary says observations collected during 2025 and 2026", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k14", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K15", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Audited picking accuracy, line basis", "formula": "Correct first-pass audited lines ÷ audited lines × 100", "unit": "Percent of audited lines", "numerator": "First-pass audited lines meeting declared item/quantity/condition criteria", "denominator": "Audited pick lines", "clock_or_cohort": "Declared sample, audit point, and batch period", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Disclose how the sample was selected and how big it was. A defect caught and corrected before shipping is still a first-pass failure.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Returned wrong orders are not an exhaustive count of picking errors. Audit samples do not automatically represent all lines.", "reporting_cadence": "By shift/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k15", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K16", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Picking labour productivity", "formula": "Completed pick lines ÷ picking person-hours", "unit": "Lines per person-hour", "numerator": "Completed pick lines", "denominator": "Sum of defined picking person-hours", "clock_or_cohort": "Same workforce and output window", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Lines, cases, pieces and orders are four different numerators. Elapsed hours and person-hours are two different denominators.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Lines, pieces, cases, orders, and system elapsed hours are not interchangeable.", "reporting_cadence": "By shift", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Displayed 2026-07-01; originally published 2022-10-26", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k16", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K17", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "On-time shipment rate, due-cohort basis", "formula": "Orders dispatched by the ship deadline ÷ orders due to ship × 100", "unit": "Percent of due orders", "numerator": "Due-cohort orders dispatched by their frozen ship deadline", "denominator": "Eligible orders due to ship in the period", "clock_or_cohort": "Cohort by promised ship date; evaluate after each deadline", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Overdue unshipped orders stay in the denominator. Freeze the promised date; do not let it move.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Does not prove on-time customer delivery; differs from on-time divided only by already-shipped orders.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "11g Release 7 (11.1.7); historical product documentation | Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k17", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K18", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Delivered OTIF", "formula": "Orders delivered complete by the delivery deadline ÷ orders due for delivery × 100", "unit": "Percent of due orders", "numerator": "Orders meeting both delivery-time and complete-quantity conditions", "denominator": "Eligible orders due for delivery", "clock_or_cohort": "Customer delivery event and agreed delivery deadline", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "The endpoint is customer receipt. An order with an unknown delivery outcome is not a proven success.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Shipment confirmation is not proof of delivery. A customer-specific OTIF contract can differ.", "reporting_cadence": "Weekly/monthly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Displayed 2026-07-01; originally published 2022-10-26", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k18", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K19", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Observed perfect-order rate", "formula": "Orders passing all four tests ÷ eligible orders × 100", "unit": "Percent of orders", "numerator": "Orders simultaneously on time, complete, damage-free, and correctly documented", "denominator": "Eligible order cohort with stated assessment status", "clock_or_cohort": "Common order-level cohort and frozen evaluation window", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "A direct count of the intersection: on time, complete, damage-free, correctly documented.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "This direct intersection count is different from APQC’s product of four marginal rates.", "reporting_cadence": "Weekly/monthly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k19", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K20", "group": "Fulfillment and picking", "name": "Perfect-order component index", "formula": "On-time fraction × complete fraction × damage-free fraction × documentation-correct fraction × 100", "unit": "Composite percent", "numerator": "Product of four decimal component fractions", "denominator": "Each component has its disclosed population denominator", "clock_or_cohort": "Use stated aligned periods and component definitions", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Use decimals, then multiply by 100. This is a composite of four marginal rates. It is not a count of orders that succeeded on all four.", "source_ids": "APQC_PERFECT", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/perfect-order-performance", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Marginal-rate multiplication does not generally reproduce the observed joint success fraction.", "reporting_cadence": "Weekly/monthly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Public page accessed 2026-09-12; observation years not disclosed", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k20", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K21", "group": "Time and cost", "name": "Internal order-release-to-dispatch cycle time", "formula": "Sum of release-to-dispatch elapsed hours ÷ completed orders", "unit": "Hours per order", "numerator": "Elapsed warehouse-release-to-dispatch time", "denominator": "Completed eligible orders", "clock_or_cohort": "Order release to the warehouse through dispatch confirmation", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Internal waiting counts. Orders still open at the cutoff are excluded from the completed-order mean and reported separately with their ages; otherwise unresolved delays can disappear from the report.", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "formula_origin": "Publication-defined operational metric, not an asserted universal standard", "comparability_warning": "Not customer order-to-delivery lead time or labor touch time.", "reporting_cadence": "Daily/weekly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Displayed 2026-07-01; originally published 2022-10-26", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k21", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K22", "group": "Time and cost", "name": "Warehousing cost per shipped order", "formula": "Declared warehousing cost ÷ unique orders shipped", "unit": "Currency per order", "numerator": "Warehousing costs assigned to the declared period and boundary", "denominator": "Unique orders shipped in that period", "clock_or_cohort": "Matched reporting window; unique order rather than shipment count", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Publish what is inside the cost, over what period, and how shared overhead was allocated. State whether freight is included or excluded. Count unique orders, so a split shipment does not become two orders.", "source_ids": "MECALUX", "source_urls": "https://www.mecalux.com/blog/warehouse-kpis", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Not fully landed fulfillment cost or APQC cost per $1,000 revenue; avoid double counting split shipments.", "reporting_cadence": "Monthly", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "2022-02-25", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k22", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K23", "group": "Safety", "name": "Total recordable nonfatal case incidence rate", "formula": "(Recordable nonfatal cases × 200,000) ÷ employee hours actually worked", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "numerator": "OSHA Form 300A H + I + J recordable nonfatal cases", "denominator": "Employee hours actually worked by the same workforce in the same period", "clock_or_cohort": "Same calendar year or explicitly defined period", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "For the BLS nonfatal comparison, count OSHA Form 300A columns H, I and J; exclude deaths in G. This is an exposure-adjusted rate, not the percentage of employees injured. The 200,000 is 100 workers × 40 hours × 50 weeks.", "source_ids": "BLS_RATE_METHOD;OSHA_RATES", "source_urls": "https://www.bls.gov/iif/overview/compute-nonfatal-incidence-rates.htm;https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2016-08-23", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Nonfatal numerator excludes column G deaths. Use the same case, industry and time scope as the BLS reference.", "reporting_cadence": "Annual; rolling periods labeled", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Last modified 2025-03-10", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k23", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "metric_id": "K24", "group": "Safety", "name": "DART case rate", "formula": "(Cases with days away, restricted work or transfer × 200,000) ÷ employee hours actually worked", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "numerator": "OSHA Form 300A H + I DART cases", "denominator": "Employee hours actually worked by the same workforce in the same period", "clock_or_cohort": "Same period and workforce as the numerator", "inclusion_and_exclusion_policy": "Counts OSHA Form 300A columns H and I. It counts qualifying cases, not days. It is no greater than K23 when both use the same workforce, period, hours and correctly classified cases.", "source_ids": "BLS_RATE_METHOD;OSHA_RATES", "source_urls": "https://www.bls.gov/iif/overview/compute-nonfatal-incidence-rates.htm;https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2016-08-23", "formula_origin": "Source-defined core; operational boundaries explicitly stated", "comparability_warning": "Not days lost per employee and not interchangeable with total recordable case incidence.", "reporting_cadence": "Annual; rolling periods labeled", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "source_vintage": "Last modified 2025-03-10", "universal_target": "Not assigned", "zero_denominator": "Not applicable / undefined, never 0% or 100%", "publish_status": "Published with explicit definition and scope", "anchor": "kpi-k24", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" } ], "benchmark_reference": [ { "benchmark_id": "B01", "metric": "Dock-to-stock cycle time", "value": "15.0", "unit": "hours", "statistic": "Median", "displayed_sample_size": "3560", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_DTS", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/dock-stock-cycle-time-hours-supplier", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Match receipt and inventory-recorded/put-away endpoints.", "display_value": "15.0 hours" }, { "benchmark_id": "B02", "metric": "Order fill rate", "value": "94.0", "unit": "%", "statistic": "Median", "displayed_sample_size": "3218", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_FILL", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/order-fill-rate", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Complete orders, not lines or units.", "display_value": "94.0%" }, { "benchmark_id": "B03", "metric": "Perfect order performance", "value": "88.0", "unit": "%", "statistic": "Median of component-rate product", "displayed_sample_size": "13590", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_PERFECT", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/perfect-order-performance", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Not directly comparable to the observed joint perfect-order fraction.", "display_value": "88.0%" }, { "benchmark_id": "B04", "metric": "Inventory accuracy", "value": "95.0", "unit": "%", "statistic": "Median", "displayed_sample_size": "8660", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_ACCURACY", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-accuracy", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Public calculation detail does not establish exact-match record accuracy.", "display_value": "95.0%" }, { "benchmark_id": "B05", "metric": "Inventory carrying cost", "value": "10.0", "unit": "% of average inventory value", "statistic": "Median", "displayed_sample_size": "6468", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_CARRY", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-carrying-cost-percentage", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Match cost boundaries and reporting period; not automatically an annual rate.", "display_value": "10.0% of average inventory value" }, { "benchmark_id": "B06", "metric": "Operate-warehousing cost", "value": "4.88", "unit": "USD per 1,000 USD revenue", "statistic": "Median", "displayed_sample_size": "1998", "population": "APQC All Companies", "observation_period": "Not disclosed on public page", "publisher": "APQC", "source_id": "APQC_COST", "source_url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/total-cost-perform-process-operate-6", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Not a cost per order.", "display_value": "$4.88 per $1,000 revenue" }, { "benchmark_id": "B07", "metric": "On-time shipments", "value": "", "unit": "", "statistic": "Numerical threshold excluded", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "Original benchmark sample not inspected", "observation_period": "2025 report; original numeric table not inspected", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "source_url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "excluded_no_primary_numeric_verification", "compatibility_note": "Only public reproductions were available for the proposed threshold. No numeric value, sample size or year-over-year movement is adopted.", "display_value": "Not published here" }, { "benchmark_id": "B08", "metric": "Order-picking accuracy", "value": "", "unit": "", "statistic": "Numerical threshold excluded", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "Original benchmark sample not inspected", "observation_period": "2025 report; original numeric table not inspected", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "source_url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "excluded_no_primary_numeric_verification", "compatibility_note": "Only public reproductions were available for the proposed threshold. No numeric value, sample size or year-over-year movement is adopted.", "display_value": "Not published here" }, { "benchmark_id": "B09", "metric": "Dock-to-stock cycle time", "value": "", "unit": "", "statistic": "Numerical threshold excluded", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "Original benchmark sample not inspected", "observation_period": "2025 report; original numeric table not inspected", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "source_url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "excluded_no_primary_numeric_verification", "compatibility_note": "Only public reproductions were available for the proposed threshold. No numeric value, sample size or year-over-year movement is adopted.", "display_value": "Not published here" }, { "benchmark_id": "B10", "metric": "Average warehouse capacity used", "value": "", "unit": "", "statistic": "Numerical threshold excluded", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "Original benchmark sample not inspected", "observation_period": "2025 report; original numeric table not inspected", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "source_url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "excluded_no_primary_numeric_verification", "compatibility_note": "Only public reproductions were available for the proposed threshold. No numeric value, sample size or year-over-year movement is adopted.", "display_value": "Not published here" }, { "benchmark_id": "B11", "metric": "Lines picked and shipped per person-hour", "value": "", "unit": "", "statistic": "Numerical threshold excluded", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "Original benchmark sample not inspected", "observation_period": "2025 report; original numeric table not inspected", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "source_url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "excluded_no_primary_numeric_verification", "compatibility_note": "Only public reproductions were available for the proposed threshold. No numeric value, sample size or year-over-year movement is adopted.", "display_value": "Not published here" }, { "benchmark_id": "B12", "metric": "Total recordable nonfatal case incidence rate", "value": "5.2", "unit": "cases per 100 FTE workers", "statistic": "Five-year industry average", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "U.S. general warehousing and storage; NAICS 493110", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "publisher": "OSHA", "source_id": "OSHA_NEP", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "OSHA Table 1 compilation from BLS data; not the broader NAICS 493 or a local rate.", "display_value": "5.2 cases per 100 FTE workers" }, { "benchmark_id": "B13", "metric": "DART case incidence rate", "value": "4.4", "unit": "cases per 100 FTE workers", "statistic": "Five-year industry average", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "U.S. general warehousing and storage; NAICS 493110", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "publisher": "OSHA", "source_id": "OSHA_NEP", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Cases, not days; OSHA Table 1 compilation from BLS data.", "display_value": "4.4 cases per 100 FTE workers" }, { "benchmark_id": "B14", "metric": "Total recordable nonfatal case incidence rate", "value": "4.8", "unit": "cases per 100 FTE workers", "statistic": "Single-year industry rate", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "U.S. warehousing and storage; NAICS 493", "observation_period": "2024", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "source_id": "BLS_493", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "BLS SOII industry rate, not a company median or Ohio rate.", "display_value": "4.8 cases per 100 FTE workers" }, { "benchmark_id": "B15", "metric": "DART case incidence rate", "value": "4.1", "unit": "cases per 100 FTE workers", "statistic": "Single-year industry rate", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "U.S. warehousing and storage; NAICS 493", "observation_period": "2024", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "source_id": "BLS_493", "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Cases, not days; national NAICS 493 scope.", "display_value": "4.1 cases per 100 FTE workers" }, { "benchmark_id": "B16", "metric": "All private industry recordable / DART rates", "value": "2.6 / 1.6", "unit": "cases per 100 FTE workers", "statistic": "Five-year industry averages", "displayed_sample_size": "", "population": "U.S. all private industry", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "publisher": "OSHA", "source_id": "OSHA_NEP", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "verification_status": "verified_primary", "compatibility_note": "Two separately named rates, in recordable / DART order; OSHA Table 1 from BLS data.", "display_value": "2.6 / 1.6 cases per 100 FTE workers" } ], "definition_crosswalk": [ { "comparison_id": "C01", "comparison": "Order fill / line fill / unit fill", "what_differs": "Denominator", "what_the_check_prevents": "Treating three different service levels as one", "metric_ids": "K11;K12;K13", "source_ids": "APQC_FILL;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/order-fill-rate;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C02", "comparison": "Perfect-order index / observed perfect orders", "what_differs": "Composite versus joint count", "what_the_check_prevents": "Reading multiplied marginal rates as a measured outcome", "metric_ids": "K19;K20", "source_ids": "APQC_PERFECT;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/perfect-order-performance;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C03", "comparison": "Exact match / within tolerance / aggregate quantity", "what_differs": "Record granularity", "what_the_check_prevents": "Letting offsetting errors or a generous tolerance pass as exactness", "metric_ids": "K06;K07", "source_ids": "ORACLE;APQC_ACCURACY;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://docs.oracle.com/cloud/131/user_services/FAMML/F499517AN14047.htm;https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-accuracy;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C04", "comparison": "Elapsed throughput / person-hour productivity", "what_differs": "Clock", "what_the_check_prevents": "Comparing a system's output rate with an individual's work rate", "metric_ids": "K02;K03;K16", "source_ids": "ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C05", "comparison": "Dock snapshot / productive door-time share", "what_differs": "Instant versus interval", "what_the_check_prevents": "Treating one busy moment as a whole shift", "metric_ids": "K04;K05", "source_ids": "MECALUX;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.mecalux.com/blog/warehouse-kpis;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C06", "comparison": "Dock-to-stock / gate dwell / put-away time", "what_differs": "Start and end events", "what_the_check_prevents": "Applying a benchmark built on a different clock", "metric_ids": "K01", "source_ids": "APQC_DTS;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/dock-stock-cycle-time-hours-supplier;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C07", "comparison": "On-time shipment / delivered OTIF", "what_differs": "Endpoint", "what_the_check_prevents": "Claiming delivery performance from a dispatch scan", "metric_ids": "K17;K18", "source_ids": "APQC_FILL;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/order-fill-rate;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C08", "comparison": "Cost per order / cost per $1,000 revenue", "what_differs": "Denominator", "what_the_check_prevents": "Reading APQC's revenue-normalised cost as a per-order cost", "metric_ids": "K22", "source_ids": "APQC_COST;MECALUX;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/total-cost-perform-process-operate-6;https://www.mecalux.com/blog/warehouse-kpis;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" }, { "comparison_id": "C09", "comparison": "Incidence rate / percent of staff injured / lost days", "what_differs": "Exposure adjustment", "what_the_check_prevents": "Misreading a per-100-FTE rate as a headcount percentage", "metric_ids": "K23;K24", "source_ids": "OSHA_RATES;BLS_RATE_METHOD;ORIGINAL", "source_urls": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2016-08-23;https://www.bls.gov/iif/overview/compute-nonfatal-incidence-rates.htm;https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★", "version": "2026-09-12-v2" } ], "safety_reference": [ { "industry": "All private industry", "naics": "—", "recordable_case_rate": "2.6", "dart_case_rate": "1.6", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Couriers and express delivery services", "naics": "492110", "recordable_case_rate": "8.6", "dart_case_rate": "6.9", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Local messengers and local delivery", "naics": "492210", "recordable_case_rate": "6.1", "dart_case_rate": "4.9", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Postal Service processing and distribution centers", "naics": "491110", "recordable_case_rate": "5.3", "dart_case_rate": "4.9", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "OSHA ITA administrative submissions (directive Table 1 footnote 3)", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "General warehousing and storage", "naics": "493110", "recordable_case_rate": "5.2", "dart_case_rate": "4.4", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Refrigerated warehousing and storage", "naics": "493120", "recordable_case_rate": "4.6", "dart_case_rate": "3.8", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Farm product warehousing and storage", "naics": "493130", "recordable_case_rate": "3.2", "dart_case_rate": "2.6", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" }, { "industry": "Other warehousing and storage", "naics": "493190", "recordable_case_rate": "3.1", "dart_case_rate": "2.5", "unit": "Cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers", "statistic": "Five-year average as published by OSHA", "observation_period": "2020–2024", "underlying_source": "BLS data compiled by OSHA", "source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "evidence_tier": "★" } ], "county_jurisdiction_crosswalk": [ { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Brown", "state": "OH", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Federal OSHA", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Butler", "state": "OH", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Federal OSHA", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Clermont", "state": "OH", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Federal OSHA", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Hamilton", "state": "OH", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Federal OSHA", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Warren", "state": "OH", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Federal OSHA", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Boone", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Bracken", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Campbell", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Gallatin", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Grant", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Kenton", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Pendleton", "state": "KY", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health (Kentucky OSH)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Dearborn", "state": "IN", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration (IOSHA)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/in", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Franklin", "state": "IN", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration (IOSHA)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/in", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" }, { "cbsa": "17140", "metro": "Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN", "county": "Ohio", "state": "IN", "principal_private_sector_authority": "Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration (IOSHA)", "scope": "Most private-sector workplaces; jurisdiction exceptions apply", "delineation_date": "2023-07-21", "geography_source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "authority_source_url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/in", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "not_a_performance_estimate": "true" } ], "worked_example_results": { "status": "PASS", "data_type": "All example inputs are synthetic illustrations, not observations", "E01": { "line_fill_percent": "99.00", "unit_fill_percent": "99.00", "order_fill_percent": "90.0" }, "E02": { "shared_failures": { "component_percent": { "on_time": "95.00", "complete": "95.00", "damage_free": "95.00", "documentation_correct": "95.00" }, "observed_perfect_percent": "95.00", "component_index_percent": "81.45062500" }, "disjoint_failures": { "component_percent": { "on_time": "95.00", "complete": "95.00", "damage_free": "95.00", "documentation_correct": "95.00" }, "observed_perfect_percent": "80.0", "component_index_percent": "81.45062500" } }, "E03": { "aggregate_quantity_ratio_percent": "100", "exact_match_percent": "0" }, "E04": { "lines_per_elapsed_hour": "150", "lines_per_person_hour": "50" }, "E05": { "snapshot_occupancy_percent": "100", "productive_time_share_percent": "50.0" }, "additional_checks": { "all_ten_misses_on_one_order": { "line_fill_percent": "99.00", "order_fill_percent": "99.00" }, "fourth_picker_same_400_lines_and_8_hours": { "lines_per_elapsed_hour": "200", "lines_per_person_hour": "50" } } }, "sources": [ { "source_number": 1, "source_id": "APQC_DTS", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Dock-to-stock cycle time in hours for supplier deliveries; Measure 100677", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/dock-stock-cycle-time-hours-supplier", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "15.0-hour median; displayed sample 3,560; definition", "limitation": "Primary measure page directly checked; All Companies is not an established U.S.-warehouse-only sample." }, { "source_number": 2, "source_id": "APQC_FILL", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Order fill rate; Measure 101445", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/order-fill-rate", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "94.0% median; displayed sample 3,218; complete-order fraction", "limitation": "Primary measure page directly checked." }, { "source_number": 3, "source_id": "APQC_PERFECT", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Perfect order performance; Measure 101741", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/perfect-order-performance", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "88.0% median; displayed sample 13,590; multiplication method in Key Terms", "limitation": "Component index is this reference’s distinguishing label, not APQC’s published metric name." }, { "source_number": 4, "source_id": "APQC_ACCURACY", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Inventory accuracy; Measure 100781", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-accuracy", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "95.0% median; displayed sample 8,660", "limitation": "Public calculation detail does not establish equivalence to exact-match record accuracy." }, { "source_number": 5, "source_id": "APQC_CARRY", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Inventory carrying cost as a percentage of inventory value; Measure 100784", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/what-we-do/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/inventory-carrying-cost-percentage", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "10.0% median; displayed sample 6,468; average-inventory-value denominator", "limitation": "Reporting-period detail is not established; do not silently label the value annual." }, { "source_number": 6, "source_id": "APQC_COST", "publisher": "APQC", "title": "Total cost to perform the process operate warehousing per $1,000 revenue; Measure 103784", "url": "https://www.apqc.org/resources/benchmarking/open-standards-benchmarking/measures/total-cost-perform-process-operate-6", "source_vintage": "Observation period not disclosed; public-page snapshot 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "$4.88 median per $1,000 revenue; displayed sample 1,998", "limitation": "Not a cost-per-order benchmark." }, { "source_number": 7, "source_id": "OSHA_NEP", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Instruction CPL-03-00-026: National Emphasis Program on Warehousing and Distribution Center Operations", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL-03-00-026.pdf", "source_vintage": "Signed 2026-07-06; effective 2026-07-31; Table 1 covers 2020–2024", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Directive dates, scope, employment figures as reported in the directive, enforcement counts, and Table 1", "limitation": "Primary 13-page PDF retrieved and its text/table read. Postal Service row uses OSHA ITA data; other Table 1 rows are calculated from BLS data. Underlying historical series were not independently reconstructed." }, { "source_number": 8, "source_id": "OSHA_ITA", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Injury Tracking Application (ITA) Data", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/itadata", "source_vintage": "Current page checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Administrative submissions and data-source context", "limitation": "Not the BLS SOII probability sample. The older Establishment-Specific-Injury-and-Illness-Data URL redirects here." }, { "source_number": 9, "source_id": "OSHA_RATES", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Clarification on how the formula is used by OSHA to calculate incident rates", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2016-08-23", "source_vintage": "2016-08-23 interpretation, checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "200,000-hour base, workforce-size sensitivity, use of more than one safety indicator", "limitation": "Interpretation is explanatory guidance, not a new safety requirement." }, { "source_number": 10, "source_id": "OSHA_PLANS", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "State Plans", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans", "source_vintage": "Current page checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "State Plan framework and effectiveness requirement", "limitation": "Specific jurisdiction exceptions require the state-specific pages." }, { "source_number": 11, "source_id": "BLS_493", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "title": "Industries at a Glance: Warehousing and Storage, NAICS 493", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag493.htm", "source_vintage": "2024 nonfatal case rates, checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "4.8 total recordable nonfatal and 4.1 DART cases per 100 full-time workers", "limitation": "National NAICS 493 figures, not NAICS 493110 alone or local values." }, { "source_number": 12, "source_id": "BLS_RATE_METHOD", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "title": "How To Compute Your Firm’s Incidence Rate for Safety Management", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/iif/overview/compute-nonfatal-incidence-rates.htm", "source_vintage": "Current official guidance checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Nonfatal numerator H+I+J; DART numerator H+I; employee hours actually worked", "limitation": "K23 is explicitly the nonfatal comparison basis; fatal cases are not in its numerator." }, { "source_number": 13, "source_id": "WERC_REPORT", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "title": "DC Measures report and benchmarking resources", "url": "https://werc.org/page/ASSESS-DC_Measures", "source_vintage": "2026 report listing and historical report access, checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "2026 metric count, quintile framework and report-access terms", "limitation": "Original 2025 and 2026 numerical benchmark tables were not inspected. No unverified WERC threshold is published in this release." }, { "source_number": 14, "source_id": "YALE_INFO", "publisher": "Yale Lift Truck Technologies / Hyster-Yale Materials Handling", "title": "Top 12 distribution center metrics; document 0000YBC0IG003", "url": "https://www.yale.com/globalassets/coms/yale/north-america/documents/white-papers/snack-drawer/YALE-1520_WERC-DC-Metrics-infographic.pdf", "source_vintage": "Copyright 2025; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Source-provenance review only", "limitation": "A public reproduction attributing data to WERC; not used to verify the original WERC numeric thresholds." }, { "source_number": 15, "source_id": "YALE_REPORT", "publisher": "Yale Lift Truck Technologies / Hyster-Yale Materials Handling", "title": "Benchmarking and improving distribution center metrics; document 0000YBC0WP008", "url": "https://www.yale.com/globalassets/coms/yale/north-america/documents/white-papers/0000ybc0wp001_e_en-us_benchmarking-and-improving-dc-metrics.pdf", "source_vintage": "Copyright 2025; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Source-provenance review only", "limitation": "A public reproduction, not the original WERC report; threshold and year-over-year numerical claims excluded." }, { "source_number": 16, "source_id": "MHI_WERC", "publisher": "MHI", "title": "WERC’s 2026 DC Measures Report Addresses Strategic Paradox", "url": "https://mhiblog.org/wercs-2026-dc-measures-report-addresses-strategic-paradox/", "source_vintage": "2026 report, released in May; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "36 operational metrics; five most-used measures; quintile presentation", "limitation": "MHI is WERC’s parent organization. Public summary does not expose the complete numerical benchmark tables." }, { "source_number": 17, "source_id": "DE_KOSTER", "publisher": "de Koster, R.; Le-Duc, T.; Roodbergen, K.J.", "title": "Design and control of warehouse order picking: a literature review; European Journal of Operational Research 182(2), 481–501", "url": "https://pure.eur.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/46713708/DesignandControl_2007.pdf", "source_vintage": "2007 journal publication; received 2005-08-29; accepted 2006-07-17; online 2006-10-25", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Abstract’s as-much-as-55% estimate; Figure 4 distribution; picks versus put-handlings context", "limitation": "Reviewed relevant original pages and Figure 4. These are historical statements, not measurements of 2026 warehouses." }, { "source_number": 18, "source_id": "TOMPKINS_CITED", "publisher": "Tompkins et al., as cited by de Koster et al.", "title": "Facilities Planning (2003), cited in Figure 4 and bibliography of de Koster et al. (2007)", "url": "https://pure.eur.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/46713708/DesignandControl_2007.pdf#page=7", "source_vintage": "2003 textbook attribution in the 2007 review; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Attribution of travel/search/pick/setup/other distribution", "limitation": "Textbook itself was not inspected. Bibliographic attribution and chart were verified in the cited review; no claim of independent textbook verification." }, { "source_number": 19, "source_id": "ORACLE", "publisher": "Oracle", "title": "Materials Management and Logistics, Inventory Guide: Analyze Performance", "url": "https://docs.oracle.com/cloud/131/user_services/FAMML/F499517AN14047.htm", "source_vintage": "Historical 11g Release 7 (11.1.7), checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Exact-match and within-tolerance count-entry formulas", "limitation": "Historical product documentation, not a current warehouse benchmark study." }, { "source_number": 20, "source_id": "MECALUX", "publisher": "Mecalux", "title": "9 warehouse KPIs to keep an eye on", "url": "https://www.mecalux.com/blog/warehouse-kpis", "source_vintage": "Page checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Published dock-occupancy and cost-per-order core formulas", "limitation": "Additional serviceable-door, unique-order and cost-boundary choices are stated by this reference." }, { "source_number": 21, "source_id": "MODULA", "publisher": "Modula", "title": "30 Warehouse KPIs to Track & Measure Performance", "url": "https://modula.us/blog/warehouse-kpi/", "source_vintage": "Page checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Inventory turnover numerator and matched average-inventory denominator", "limitation": "Used for formula definition, not as primary empirical benchmark evidence." }, { "source_number": 22, "source_id": "OMB_23_01", "publisher": "Office of Management and Budget", "title": "OMB Bulletin No. 23-01; List 2, Cincinnati OH-KY-IN, CBSA 17140", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf", "source_vintage": "2023-07-21 delineation; Appendix printed page 48 / PDF page 51; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "15 component counties: 5 Ohio, 7 Kentucky, 3 Indiana", "limitation": "Statistical geography only; the metro boundary does not establish workplace-safety jurisdiction." }, { "source_number": 23, "source_id": "ORIGINAL", "publisher": "Cincinnati Dock Door Repair Research", "title": "Warehouse KPI dictionary, benchmark reference, definition crosswalk, county crosswalk and constructed worked-example inputs", "url": "https://cincinnatidockdoorrepair.com/research/warehouse-kpis/", "source_vintage": "2026-09-12-v2", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Original compilation, explicit operational definitions and synthetic calculations", "limitation": "Not a survey or observed warehouse-performance dataset." }, { "source_number": 24, "source_id": "WERC_2025", "publisher": "Warehousing Education and Research Council", "title": "WERC Releases 2025 DC Measures Report with a Focus on Combining Vision with Vigilance", "url": "https://werc.org/news/702949/WERC-Releases-2025-DC-Measures-Report-with-a-Focus-on-Combining-Vision-with-Vigilance-.htm", "source_vintage": "2025-06-05 release; checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Report scope, 2024/2025 survey periods and most-used metric names", "limitation": "Public release does not supply the numerical performance thresholds." }, { "source_number": 25, "source_id": "OSHA_KY", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Kentucky State Plan", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/ky", "source_vintage": "Current jurisdiction description checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Kentucky OSH coverage and exclusions", "limitation": "Most private workplaces and state/local government; federal and specified operations remain outside the plan." }, { "source_number": 26, "source_id": "OSHA_IN", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Indiana State Plan", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/stateplans/in", "source_vintage": "Current jurisdiction description checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "IOSHA coverage and exclusions", "limitation": "Most private workplaces and state/local government; federal and specified operations remain outside the plan." }, { "source_number": 27, "source_id": "OSHA_OH", "publisher": "OSHA", "title": "Ohio: State Plan and OSHA Area Offices", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/contactus/bystate/OH/areaoffice", "source_vintage": "Current jurisdiction description checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Federal OSHA private-sector coverage in Ohio", "limitation": "County list is a location crosswalk, not a guarantee of inspection." }, { "source_number": 28, "source_id": "BLS_QCEW", "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics", "title": "QCEW Open Data Access", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/cew/additional-resources/open-data/home.htm", "source_vintage": "Current documentation checked 2026-09-12", "verified_date": "2026-09-12", "use": "Industry/area employment-and-wage data access; why it is not an operational KPI dataset", "limitation": "No Ohio or Hamilton County operational performance figure is inferred from these data." } ], "limitations": [ "Original definitions and synthetic tests are not observations of warehouse operating performance.", "APQC observation periods and local sample composition are not disclosed on the inspected public pages.", "Original WERC numeric tables not inspected; five benchmark lookup records contain no published numeric value.", "OSHA Table 1 historical calculations were transcribed, not reconstructed; Postal Service uses ITA data, not the BLS SOII sample.", "County crosswalk describes coverage, not local KPI performance or guaranteed regulatory treatment of an establishment.", "Historical literature and Oracle documentation are explicitly dated; Tompkins textbook not independently inspected." ], "download_files": [ "example-01-fill-input.csv", "example-02-perfect-order-input.csv", "example-03-inventory-input.csv", "example-04-labor-input.csv", "example-05-dock-input.csv", "reproduce.py" ] }